General Education. If you want to be a world record-breaking speedcuber, you have to start small. Rubik hoped to create something that would help him understand how a structure consisting of multiple pieces could have those pieces moved without destroying the mechanism.
The first cubes, a test design, were released into Budapest toy shops in before being purchased by American toy company Ideal Toys. The popularity of the cubes in Communist countries, especially ones as populous as China, ultimately kept the toys in production. But there are other records, too:.
Before you even start trying to follow the numerous strategies for solving, get familiar with the vocabulary. This will make it easier to follow the confusing Rubik's cube algorithms and permutations you must use to solve it!
There are 12 edges in total. As expected, a corner piece is located in the corner of each side of the cube. They have three visible colors , and there are eight corners in total. Center cubes are located in the center of each side and have one visible color. There are six in total, and, unlike the rest of the cubes, they do not move position. The part of a cube you turn , consisting of nine blocks.
No matter which way you hold the cube, there are three layers. There are two ways to turn a layer: regular and inverted. A regular turn is a clockwise turn, and an inverted turn is a counterclockwise turn.
This would mean that you rotate the right side counterclockwise. They are usually written with a capital letter denoting the face that should be rotated, a lowercase i if that rotation should be counterclockwise, and a number 2 if it should be rotated twice. Permutation refers to the act of moving the blocks into the desired formation, or the arrangement of the pieces. Note the two cubes of the same color beneath each arm of the white cross. Begin by holding the cube with the white face up.
That means that the face with the white center cube should be facing up. Instead, focus on creating the white cross using intuitive movements. Note the top layer's three cubes being the same color as the center cube. Use the white cross foundation to organize your side color. By the time you finish this step, you should have three cubes of the same color in the top layer and one cube in the center of the middle layer of the left, right, back, and front faces.
Rotate the bottom layer until a white edge piece is positioned below an empty spot on the top face. Find the direction of the white piece you want to align below and then run through the algorithm until the white cube is in place. If you run through these algorithms properly, the center pieces should end up back where they began.
If your white cube faces left after running through the algorithm, repeat it five times. A white sticker facing right. A white sticker facing left. A white sticker on the bottom. Edge pieces mismatched. Whatever position the white cube is in now, repeat with the appropriate algorithm from above until the colors match up. There should be three of the same color on the top layer and one in the center of the second layer.
At this point, the white face should be completed, and each other face, except the face opposite the white face, should have three blocks of the same color in the top layer and one block also of that color in the center of the face. Using the location of the top layer middle piece, we will now rotate the cubes until we get the bottom two layers to all be the same color.
To begin solving the middle layer, rotate your cube until the completed white face is on the bottom. The goal of this stage is to get the colored edge pieces into their correct place on each face. Keep scrolling down! Discover the Rubik's Cube Spend some time playing with the puzzle to familiarize with it before you read this solution tutorial and see how far you can get without help.
Fixed Center Pieces Notice that no matter what kind of face rotation you do, the center pieces always stay in the same position. Edges And Corners Beside the fixed center pieces the cube is composed of 8 corner pieces with 3 stickers and 12 edge pieces with two stickers. Too Many Cases There are so many possible configurations over 43 quintillion that it would be impossible to solve it by randomly turning the faces until it's all done.
The Strategy It's hard not to break the solved pieces while fixing new ones. The Letters In The Algorithms We've marked the six faces of the cube with the initials of their names. F' Front face counterclockwise turn. R2 Double rotation on the Right face. Click the buttons to see the animated rotations in action. And now we're prepared to learn the solution! Solve the white edges We start by solving the white edge pieces. Here are a few examples that require a few extra moves. Press the Play button to animate the rotations.
Solve the white corners The white edges are solved and we have to fix the white corners to complete the first face. If you have difficulties solving the white corners, here's an easy trick you can always apply, you just have to memorize a short algorithm and repeat it until the piece is solved: R' D' R D Bring the corner below the spot where it belongs Front-Right-Down position highlighted with grey and repeat the algorithm above until the white corner pops into its place oriented correctly.
At the end of this step your cube should have a solid white face. Second Layer F2L Now that we've finished the white face , let's turn the cube upside down because we don't need to see the solved side anymore. Wrong orientation When there's no edge piece to insert into the middle layer you will have to execute the algorithm twice to pop the piece out in the first step. For example, when the edge is on its place but turned incorrectly:.
The Top Cross In the fourth step we want to form a yellow cross on the top of the cube. Make sure you reorient the cube in your hands after the first stage because the "L"-shape will be upside down. Make sure the yellow edges are located on the left and back positions as illustrated. Line — Perform the algorithm once, holding the line horizontally and you're done. Cross — The cross is complete, you can go to the next level! Swap Last Layer Edges We have the cross on the top but the sides of the yellow edges don't match the side colors yet.
Orient last layer corners In the last step every piece is where it's supposed to be, but the yellow corners are oriented wrong. Watch the video or the animation below that demonstrates examples of how to use this move.
Summary Here are all moves together to help you practice. White Face Cross, then corners. Orient Top Corners Move the misaligned yellow corners one by one to the highlighted position rotating the top layer and do R' D' R D until the current piece is solved.
Look for an edge that is on the top face and doesn't have yellow on it. There's a very small chance that there won't be any, but there are instructions for that case below. Perform a U move so that the colour on the front face of the edge is matching with the centre. There are two directions that the edge could go, left or right. If there are no more edges left on the top layer, then they are probably either inserted in the right place but flipped, or inserted in the wrong place.
To get an edge out of somewhere it shouldn't be, just insert one of the yellow edges into that slot. This should get the edge out and on the top layer, ready for you to use the above instructions to insert correctly.
We're nearly there now. That's a good sign… right? We're going to solve the top layer edges in two steps. In this step will orient all of the pieces so that the yellow face is facing up for all of them. The next will move these pieces around and thus solve the cube. Ignore the corners for now. You want to look at the edges only. Either none, all, or two of the edges will already be oriented correctly the yellow part is facing up.
If the edges are solved in a plus shape like the cross we made at the start the last image , you can skip this stage. To transform the Magic Cube from one state to the other, you have to apply the following short algorithm, watching out for the L shape and the line to be positioned as required:.
Do the required number of U or U' moves to get this L as shown in the picture: the corner that the two edges trap needs to be in the top left. Then perform this algorithm:. Make sure that the yellow bar the two edges and the middle sticker is horizontal, then do:. Sune is a very simple algorithm that many puzzlers love due to its simplicity compared to other algorithms that they may have had to learn.
There are 7 different corner positions possible after you have oriented the edges. Sune and Antisune are two of these, but we won't always get them straight away. Refer to the image to see what they look like. Both Sune and Antisune have one correctly oriented corner. You might have two corners oriented or none oriented. If you have all four already facing upwards, you don't need this step. When you eventually get the desired position, there are two slightly different variations of it.
For this, we need to look at the front of the cube. The yellow corner facing the front can be in two positions: Either facing the front, or facing the right. In the first image, it is facing the front.
This shows you have Sune. To solve it, just do the above algorithm one more time, and you should have oriented all of the top layer. Sune and antisune. All these methods have different levels of difficulties, for speedcubers or beginners, even for solving the cube blindfolded. People usually get stuck solving the cube after completing the first face, after that they need some help. In the following article I'm going to show you the easiest way to solve the cube using the beginner's method.
The method presented here divides the cube into layers and you can solve each layer applying a given algorithm not messing up the pieces already in place.
You can find a separate page for each one of the seven stages if the description on this page needs further explanation and examples. Watch the cube being solved layer-by-layer with this method: It fixes the white edges, corners then flips the cube to solve the second layer and finally completes the yellow face. Press the Play button to start the animation. To get started I recommend you to read the basic cubing terminology and you will need to know the Rubik's Cube notation ie what the letters mean in the algorithms: F : front, R : right, U : up, L : left, D : down.
If you get stuck or you don't understand something, the online Rubik's Cube solver program will help you quickly fix your puzzle. All you have to do is input your scramble and the program will calculate the steps leading to the solution. To keep a record of your solution times try the online Rubik's Cube Timer with many useful features or generate random shuffles for your practice with the scramble generator. Let's begin with the white face. First we have to make a white cross paying attention to the color of the side center pieces.
You can try to do this without reading the instructions. Use this stage to familiarize yourself with the puzzle and see how far you can get without help. This step is relatively intuitive because there are no solved pieces to watch out for. Just practice and don't give up easily.
Try move the white edges to their places not messing up the ones already fixed. You can get a little help about forming a white cross, with animated algorithms here. In this step we have to arrange the white corner pieces to finish the first face.
If you are very persistent and you managed to do the white cross without help then you can try to do this one as well.
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