The Greeks called these people Getae, but to the Romans they were Dacians. Herodotus called them "the fairest and most courageous of men" because they believed in the immortality of the soul and were not afraid to die.
Greeks arrived and settled near the Black Sea. Western-style civilization developed significantly. Dacian king Burebista controlled the territory of modern-day Romania.
Burebista created a powerful Dacian kingdom. Dacia is a province of the Roman Empire. Dacians gradually adopt numerous elements of the conquerors' language. After fighting off the barbarian Goths, most Roman troops abandon Dacia. The local population — Romanians - were the only Latin people in the eastern part of the former Roman Empire and the only Latin people to belong to the Orthodox faith.
The oldest extant Hungarian chronicle, "Gesta Hungarorum" or The Deeds of the Hungarians, based on older chronicles documents the battles between the local population in Transylvania, lead by six local rulers, and the invading Magyars. Germans were invited to settle in Transylvania by the king of Hungary who wanted to consolidate his position in the newly occupied territory.
Szeklers people - descendants from Attila's Huns - were also brought to eastern and southeastern Transylvania as border guards.
The principalities of Wallachia, Moldavia, and Transylvania are established. Transylvania becomes an autonomous principality under Magyar rule, until Magyar forces tried unsuccessfully to capture Wallachia and Moldavia. The principality of Transylvania prospered as a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire. Prime minister acting : Nicolae-Ionel Ciuca. Defence Minister Ciuca was appointed acting prime minister in December , on the resignation of Ludovic Orban over poorer-than-expected election results.
A former army chief of staff, Mr Ciuca has little political experience but is a close ally of President Iohannis. The centrist and pro-European National Liberal Party took office in November after the divided and scandal-ridden Social Democratic government lost a parliamentary confidence vote, but struggled to form a coalition among parties that shared little but opposition to the Social Democrats.
The December elections saw a strong showing by the Social Democrats and the far-right Alliance for the Unity of Romanians. Romania has one of the most dynamic media markets in southeastern Europe. A handful of conglomerates dominates the industry. TVR is the public broadcaster. There is a competitive pay TV sector, via cable and satellite. There are more than private radios. Public Radio Romania operates national, regional and local stations.
Some key dates in Romania's history:. Running a neo-Stalinist police state from ? An army-assisted rebellion in Dec. Emil Constantinescu of the Democratic Convention Party was president from ? The post-Communist governments' conflicted and halfhearted attempts to change to a free-market economy have been largely unrealized.
Growing dissatisfaction with the government's inefficiencies and economic policies led to a wave of protests by workers, students, and others that peaked in , and again in In former president Iliescu returned to power with a landslide victory, easily defeating a xenophobic nationalist opponent.
Discrimination against the Magyars ethnic Hungarians and the Roma Gypsies continues, fueled by several ultranationalist political parties. Romania joined NATO in The following year, the EU approved the entry of Romania. Final acceptance into the EU was based on a number of reforms, including increased law enforcement and environmental measures and the protection of the rights of the Roma minority. Romania became an official member of the EU in At the time, President Traian Basescu earned international praise for his anti-corruption campaigns and for paving the way for Romania to join the European Union.
However, that praise and high opinion of President Traian Basescu did not last. In April , Parliament voted to suspend Basescu, citing abuse of power. The president of the Senate, Nicolae Vacaroiu, was named acting president.
Observers saw the vote as an endorsement of Basescu's agenda of reform and rooting out corruption. Following inconclusive general elections in November , economist and former prime minister Theodor Stolojan was asked by President Basescu to form a new cabinet. On December 15, Stolojan withdrew from the race and Emil Boc was named prime minister. The Social Democrat Party PSD pulled out of the governing coalition in October , leaving Boc as the head of a minority government, which thereafter lost a confidence vote in Parliament.
Member of Parliament cited Boc's failure to pull the country out of recession. Basescu was narrowly reelected in December's run-off election against Mircea Geoana, of the opposition Social Democrats', and asked Boc to form a new coalition government.
Boc quickly introduced stringent budget cuts and vowed to address the country's financial crisis. On January 19, , thousands of protesters gathered in Bucharest. The demonstration came after a week of protests, which at times turned violent and were against austerity measures.
Much like the situation in Spain and Greece, Romania's struggling economy has left many of its citizens frustrated. However, the incident that sparked the protests was the resignation of Raed Arafat, a popular health official. Arafat resigned earlier in January over a government proposal to partly privatize the country's medical emergency-response system.
Arafat was reinstated and plans for the proposal were shelved, but the protests continued. According to Romania's media, fifty-five people were arrested and five were injured in the January 19 demonstration. Ungureanu's appointment was approved by the parliament. Ungureanu, a former foreign minister and the current director of Romania's foreign-intelligence service, assumed office on February 9, Protests continued through February, but on a smaller scale.
The latest demonstrations reflected the protesters discontent with their wages, unemployment and corruption in the government. Prime Minister Ungureanu promised to focus on reforms and maintaining the country's economic stability despite the ongoing political crisis.
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