Get smart. Sign up for our email newsletter. Sign Up. Support science journalism. Knowledge awaits. See Subscription Options Already a subscriber? Figure S4. Table S1. Common chimpanzee Pan troglodytes individuals. Table S2. Bonobo Pan paniscus individuals. Table S3. Gene clones used for FISH. Text S1. Structural Y chromosome alterations in wild-born chimpanzee. Acknowledgments We thank T. Author Contributions Conceived and designed the experiments: WS.
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By comparing these assemblies, the scientists discerned patterns of evolution that seem to fit with behavioral differences between the species.
The scientists also reconstructed a model of what the Y chromosome might have looked like in the ancestor of all great apes. The article also presents findings that could clarify reproduction patterns and male lineages in the great apes, potentially aiding conservation efforts for these endangered species. These observations are consistent with high levels of sperm competition in Pan. Nonetheless, each species also acquired distinct ampliconic sequences. We also detected increased chromatin contacts between and within palindromes from Hi-C data , likely facilitating gene conversion and structural rearrangements.
To arrive at these results, the Penn State team had to deal with difficulties posed by the Y chromosome. Besides containing repetitive DNA, short sequences that occur over and over again, the Y chromosome includes large DNA palindromes, inverted repeats that can be many thousands of letters long and read the same forwards and backwards.
Previous work by the team comparing human, chimpanzee, and gorilla sequences had revealed some unexpected patterns. This project is truly cross-disciplinary and could not have happened without the combination of computational and biological scientists that we have on our team. The results were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Monika Cechova et al. Dynamic evolution of great ape Y chromosomes. PNAS , published online October 5, ; doi:
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