Napoleon seizes power by force and ends up exploiting the animals just as Farmer Jones had done. The novel ends with the pigs behaving and even dressing like the humans the animals tried to get rid of in the first place. Animal Farm was written by George Orwell and published in This novel is an allegory - even though it is set on a farm and stars a cast of farm animals, it reflects the events of the Russian revolution of Certain animals are based directly on Communist Party leaders: the pigs Napoleon and Snowball, for example, are figurations of Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky, respectively.
Orwell uses the form of the fable for a number of aesthetic and political reasons. To better understand these, it is helpful to know at least the rudiments of Soviet history under Communist Party rule, beginning with the October Revolution of At the end of October November 7 on current calendars , Kerensky was ousted, and Vladimir Lenin, the architect of the Russian Revolution, became chief commissar.
Trotsky was a popular and charismatic leader, famous for his impassioned speeches, while the taciturn Stalin preferred to consolidate his power behind the scenes. In the following years, Stalin succeeded in becoming the unquestioned dictator of the Soviet Union and had Trotsky expelled first from Moscow, then from the Communist Party, and finally from Russia altogether in Stalin used his former opponent as a tool to placate the wretched populace. Trotsky became a common national enemy and thus a source of negative unity.
He was a frightening specter used to conjure horrifying eventualities, in comparison with which the current misery paled. These and many other developments in Soviet history before have direct parallels in Animal Farm: Napoleon ousts Snowball from the farm and, after the windmill collapses, uses Snowball in his purges just as Stalin used Trotsky. Similarly, Napoleon becomes a dictator, while Snowball is never heard from again.
Orwell was inspired to write Animal Farm in part by his experiences in a Trotskyist group during the Spanish Civil War, and Snowball certainly receives a more sympathetic portrayal than Napoleon. They hoped to establish a socialist utopia based on the principles of the German economic and political philosopher Karl Marx. In Das Kapital Capital , Marx advanced an economically deterministic interpretation of human history, arguing that society would naturally evolve—from a monarchy and aristocracy, to capitalism, and then on to communism, a system under which all property would be held in common.
The dignity of the poor workers oppressed by capitalism would be restored, and all people would live as equals. After a politically complicated civil war, Tsar Nicholas II, the monarch of Russia, was forced to abdicate the throne that his family had held for three centuries.
What does Boxer represent? How does Mr. Frederick trick Napoleon? Why does Mollie leave Animal Farm? Why does Snowball want to build a windmill? Why do the animals confess to being traitors? Why does Napoleon blame Snowball for everything that goes wrong on the farm? How is the windmill destroyed? Why does Napoleon change the Seven Commandments? How does Squealer manipulate the animals so the pigs can better control them? Quotes Find the Animal Farm quotes you need to support your essay, or refresh your memory of the book by reading these key quotes.
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