The federal court system's appellate procedure is governed by the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure , which is contained within Title 28 of the United States Code.
Each state has its own state court system. While the names of the courts differ from state to state, each state's system allows for appellate jurisdiction of some kind. However, each state, typically by statute , determines whether its appellate jurisdiction is based on appeals as a matter of right, discretion appeals, or a combination of of the two.
Most states extend appeals as a matter of right to all appeals from trial cases. States may also choose to differentiate between civil appellate jurisdiction and criminal appellate jurisdiction.
Please help us improve our site! Trial courts include the district judge who tries the case and a jury that decides the case. Magistrate judges assist district judges in preparing cases for trial. They may also conduct trials in misdemeanor cases. There is at least one district court in each state, and the District of Columbia. Each district includes a U. Four territories of the United States have U. There are also two special trial courts. The Court of International Trade addresses cases involving international trade and customs laws.
The U. Court of Federal Claims deals with most claims for money damages against the U. Federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction over bankruptcy cases involving personal, business, or farm bankruptcy. This means a bankruptcy case cannot be filed in state court. Through the bankruptcy process, individuals or businesses that can no longer pay their creditors may either seek a court-supervised liquidation of their assets, or they may reorganize their financial affairs and work out a plan to pay their debts.
Congress created several Article I, or legislative courts, that do not have full judicial power. Judicial power is the authority to be the final decider in all questions of Constitutional law, all questions of federal law and to hear claims at the core of habeas corpus issues. Article I Courts are:. Main content Court Role and Structure Federal courts hear cases involving the constitutionality of a law, cases involving the laws and treaties of the U.
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